ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ:
ᠴᠠᠭ:2019-06-06
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《ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠰᠣᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ》
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠬᠡᠯ᠃ 1~4 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠂ 4 ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷ᠃ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ 2000 ᠤᠠ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠭᠦᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ 185 ᠲᠦᠮᠠᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠿᠦᠩ•ᠰᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠶᠢ ᠿᠣ᠋᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠳ᠋ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠢᠠᠭᠦᠣ᠂ ᠦ᠊•ᠱᠣᠭᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠶᠦᠠ ᠹᠸᠡᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠦᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠃ 《ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠰᠣᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ》 ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠴᠣᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ 《 ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ》᠂ 《ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ》 ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠪᠯᠠᠬᠡᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠳᠤ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ 1994 ᠤᠠ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠣᠨᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠰᠣᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ᠂ 1996 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠡᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 1~4 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠠᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ (ᠦᠯᠣ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠭᠳᠠᠭᠦ ᠦᠶᠠ ~1205 ᠣᠨ)᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ (ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠳᠣ) (1206~1368 ᠣᠨ) ᠦᠨ 2 ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠢᠳᠣ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠢᠷᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠷᠯᠢᠬ ᠲᠣᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ 14 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ (ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣ) ( 1369~1839 ᠣᠨ) ᠳᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠢᠷᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠷᠯᠢᠬ ᠲᠣᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ 16 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠦᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ (1840~1918 ᠣᠨ) ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠣ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠣ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠣᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ 12 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠠ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ (1919~1949 ᠣᠨ) ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠣ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠣ᠂ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷᠳᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ 9 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠮᠳᠠᠣᠠ 10 ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠠ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠤᠰᠣᠣᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠠ᠂ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠳᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠬ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠰᠣᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠠᠣᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠣᠬᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠣᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠣᠰ 21 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠠ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠣᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠠᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃