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ᠴᠠᠭ:2024-01-26
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ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ: ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ
ᠮᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ · ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ — ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ
ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ ︵1889—1940︶᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠤᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠩ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃1937 ᠣᠨ ᠤ10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠡᠪᠦᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃
1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ 《ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ》 ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ 《ᠨᠥᠭᠡᠴᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ》 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
1940 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ 《ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ》ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃1941ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ15 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠨᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠽᠧᠩ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ︕
1958 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 25 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪ ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠢᠩ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠺᠦᠩ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠾᠧ᠂ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠠ᠃
