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ᠴᠠᠭ:2024-02-02
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ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ: ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ
ᠮᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ · ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ — ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ
ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ︵1906-1941︶᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠢ ᠯᠢ ᠫᠦᠸᠧ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡ᠃1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1926 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠦ ᠽᠦᠸᠧ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠃1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃1929 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠩ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩ ᡁᠢ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃1931 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠩ ᡁᠢ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃1931 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1933 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠱᠢ ᠯᠢ ᠫᠦᠸᠧ᠂ ᠫᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠸᠠᠩ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢᠪᠤᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠩ ᡁᠢ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃1937 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ《ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠮᠧᠩ 》 ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
1938 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠪᠡᠷ 《ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ》 ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃
1940 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ 《ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ》 ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ᠂ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 20 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠢᠩᠭᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠃ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 5 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠺᠧ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃
