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ᠴᠠᠭ:2024-02-23
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ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ: ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ
ᠮᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ · ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ — ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ
ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ︵1911—1940︶᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃1938 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ 》 ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃
1940 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ᠂ ᠯᠤᠤᠰ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠧ ᠴᠠᠩ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃
1940 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 14 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠭᠠᠸᠠ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠪᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠴᠧᠨ ᠭᠦᠸᠧ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ 30 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠠᠰᠢᠰᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠱᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ︵ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠩ︶ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠧᠨ ᠭᠦᠸᠧ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠥᠭᠪᠡ᠃
