ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ:
ᠴᠠᠭ:2024-05-17
ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ : ℃
ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ: ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ
ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ—ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ
ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ︵1909 ︱ 1946︶᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠯᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠮᠢᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠃
ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠾᠧᠺᠸᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1926 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ ᠃ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃
1930 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠾᠧᠪᠧᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠ᠃ 1932 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠾᠥ᠋ᠪᠸᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1933 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃
1938 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
1940 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 6᠂ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠸᠧ ᠾᠧ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ︵ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠯᠢ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠯᠦᠩ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠴᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ 《ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ》ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 37 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
